COOH) represents the protonated form of the organic acid, whereas lactate (CH₃CH (OH)COO⁻) represents its conjugated base.

All acidic aqueous solutions contain protonated water, known commonly as the hydronium ion (H 3 O +). Brønsted acids release one or more of their protons (hydrogen ions), which combine with water ...

The pH is a negative logarithmic scale, which measures the molar concentration of hydrogen ions from 1 to 10 14 ions. It therefore has no unit of measurement. Numbers on a negative logarithmic scale ...

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