Mustafa Akcakoyun, M.D.; Yunus Emiroglu, M.D.; Selcuk Pala, M.D.; Ramazan Kargin, M.D.; Gamze Babur Guler, M.D.; Ozlem Esen, M.D.; Hekim Karapinar, M.D.; Birol Say, M ...
Because glucagon in animals has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade, catecholamine depletion or full digitalization, its cardiovascular effects in ...
Chronotropic assessment in heart failure management centres on evaluating the heart’s ability to modulate its rate in response to physiological demands. Chronotropic incompetence, defined by a blunted ...
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