Indoor localisation and positioning systems (IPS) have emerged as pivotal technologies for determining the positions of objects and individuals within complex indoor environments, where conventional ...

In fact, for the past few decades, GPS technology is widely used to navigate our locations outside our homes. However, as soon as we try to enter any indoor areas such as hospitals, airports, malls, ...

An indoor messaging system (IMES) has been developed to meet the challenges of indoor and deep indoor positioning, as a system that can be implemented in any device that has a GPS/GNSS receiver ...