The two major philosophical positions on the hard problem of consciousness are materialism and dualism. Dualists view mental and physical realms as distinct aspects of reality, while materialists ...

This chapter begins by setting out and explaining the doctrine of "substance dualism", according to which the mind and the brain are distinct and mutually independent "substances". It then examines ...

Dualism holds that the mind and body are separate, with mental experiences not fully explained by physical processes alone. René Descartes popularized dualism by arguing the mind is non-physical while ...

Whatever the latest functional MRI scan is telling researchers about how your neurons fire when you feel like chowing a burger is a far cry from whether an individual thought--like, for example, ...