Algorithms have become ubiquitous in modern life 1, with numerous applications in fields ranging from finance and business to healthcare and transportation. They are essential tools for making sense ...

This paper presents a new approach toward building energy optimization through proposing a cloud theory-based stochastic model that considers the risk that arises due to uncertainty in building ...

Across modern data-intensive disciplines, the union of numerical computation, statistics, and machine learning has become ...

Many self-organized systems in nature exploit a sophisticated blend of deterministic and random processes. No two trees are exactly alike because growth is random, but a Redwood can be readily ...

The most widely used technique for finding the largest or smallest values of a math function turns out to be a fundamentally difficult computational problem. Many aspects of modern applied research ...