Biology is a science of three dimensions. The first is the study of each species across all levels of biological organization, molecule to cell to organism to population to ecosystem. The second ...

Sponges (phylum Porifera) represent the earliest-diverging lineage of multicellular animals, distinguished by their porous bodies, internal skeletal elements and remarkable morphological diversity.

Reflections on the history of systematics / Robert E. Kohler -- Willi Hennig's part in the history of systematics / Michael Schmitt -- Homology as a bridge between evolutionary morphology, ...

"This book is dedicated to the memory of G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906-2000), who made significant contributions to understanding systematic and evolutionary botany, and who had a major influence on all ...

Phylogenetic systematics is the discipline concerned with reconstructing the evolutionary relationships among organisms by analysing shared derived characteristics. It provides a framework for ...

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Phylogenetics, systematics, and biogeography deal with the identifying, classifying, and understanding the relationships among organisms, including their geographical extent. Methods range from ...

ISBN 0-309-09536-0 (hardcover)—ISBN 0-309-54760-1 (pdf) 1. Species. 2. Biology—Classification. I. Mayr, Ernst, 1904-2005. II. Hey, Jody. III. Fitch, Walter M ...

Natural history collections provide an immense record of biodiversity on Earth. These repositories have traditionally been used to address fundamental questions about evolution. The Systematics and ...